CASE 1: NETWORKS

NETWORKS: CARLOS FUENTES-PIERUCCINI


1. Hardware: the items that need to be purchased to setup the network are:

-Router: Netgear R6300, 199 dollars.

- Wireless USB: Sony USB wireless Lan adapter, 55 dollars.

- Network adapter: IBM PRO/1000 PT Dual port server, 36 dollars.

- Cable connectors: RJ45, OEM brand, 0.50 dollars.

- Network cable: UTP cat5e/cat6/CU/CCA, 15.75 dollars


2. Software: the items that need to be purchased are:

- Firewall: ASA5510-SEC-BUN-K9, port HK, 600 dollars.


3.

4.

Hardware/Software	Advantages	Price
1 Router	Can adapt to both cable and wifi connections.	$199
1 Wireless USB	Is very useful for moving workers and gives an extra support to the network.	$55
1 Network adapter	Necessary for the network to be efficient	$36
1 Cable connectors	Can exetend your options from connections to the router.	$0.50
2 Network cables	Are necessary to conncet certain devices to the wireless.	$31.50
1 Firewall	Excellent to protect your network	$600
TOTAL	-------------------------------------------------	$922

5. A router is better than a hub or a switch because it’s cheaper and is capable from transmitting internet by cable or Wi-Fi. They are easy to move around your place and locate them wherever, so it is better and efficient for you.A wireless USB is an additional hardware that will be useful because you can have internet almost everywhere, also will support your network capacity as an extra device and will help to keep it as a high bandwidth network.

The network adapter don´t need to be the most sophisticated, because it always executes the same function that is to interface the computers to the network.

The cable connectors are low coast products and can give you the opportunity to amplify the router entrances for internet connection.

Network cables are necessary to connect the PC´s to the router, and don´t need to be sophisticated.

The firewall must be a good one because makes you to have for sure that your network is protected and especially from inadequate content as pornography or violence media. It will complete your network and make it secure.

The topology to be used is the STAR TOPOLOGY because includes a central connection called the "hub node" in this case is a router.

Type of Networks

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TYPE OF NETWORKS

Network	Diagram	Brief Description	Main Components	Main differences with the rest	Benefits
Local area network		Interconnect computers in a limited area such as school or home.	Network adapter and medium, cable connectors, power supply, hub/switch/router and network software.	It’s a fast network and easy to expand.	Not too expensive, high speed network and excellent to work as an organization.
Wireless Lans		Links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method	Radio NICs, access points, routers, repeaters, and antennae.	Due to ease of installation, and used for commercial wireless service.	Is the ideal solution for a Network administrator.
Personal area networks		Is a computer network used for communication among computerized devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants.	IrDA technology, wireless USB, network adapter, sharing-network capacity device.	A network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace	It’s easy to change settings, can be always controlled and could be fast if you are the only user.
Metropolitan area networks		Is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.	Antennae, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), FDDI, and SMDS	Are basically the ones used by Telephone companies, that worldwide have facilitated the transfer of data with the help of an underground optical fiber network	Increases the efficiency of handling data while at the same time saves the cost attached to establish a wide area network.
Wide area network		Is a network that covers a broad area, by using private or public network transports.	Routers, satellites, ISP mainframes, transmission media (Fiber Optics backbones, Power lines, network cables.	A dedicated circuit path is created between end points. Best example is dialup connections.	Most secure, less expensive and best for simultaneous voice and data.
Storage area network		Is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage.	File servers, host bus adaptors, fibre cabling, tape library.	Interconnects different kinds of data storage devices with associated data servers	Simplifies storage administration and have certain flexibility.
Virtual private network		Extends a private network across public networks like the Internet	VPN client, server and connection. Tunnel with its specific tunnel protocols.	Provides an exact authentication.	Is confidential and gives integrity to all the information in general terms.
Virtual LAN		Create multiple distinct broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated AND can only pass between them via one or more routers.	Switch, network cables.	Scalability, security, and network management.	Provide broadcast filtering, security, address summarization, and traffic-flow management

ARTICLE 3

Global internet slows after 'biggest attack in history'

1. As classified by experts as the biggest cyber attack to the Internet and that certainly has caused that network systems become slow, especially affecting the banking sites and pages selling items in which certain transactions could remain in process, several police organizations investigated the case and it seems that the attacks come from gangsters with porgramas of information associations in eastern Europe.
2. Stakeholders involved are internet users, security organizations in the network, the people who carried out the cyber attack, and Spahamus. The IT systems include computers, network, Internet paltaformas, deleted data including threats, antivirus programs, Internet access, information recorded from the threats.
3. Follow the regulations of the correct use of the Internet, continue to avoid viruses, update the antivirus, identifying information that must be safeguarded by users.
4. Business: delays to operations at sites of bank accounts, sales items, selling multimedia files.
5. Too many people use the internet to work on their daily activities and this kind of events stop an extense part from the financial, and administrative activities. Affect bank operations configuration and people´s personal information.
Conclusiones:
1. Such activities stop a range of work activities, and affects the confidence of users in the network.
2. Valuable information can be captured and used in bad way

3. Antivirus services company technicians must keep working on new and better programs

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21954636

ARTICLE 2

Pitt team inserts computer chip in brain so a person's thoughts can instigate motion

1. It consist in a new and advanced technology that involves a chip used in some people brains and with the help from a robot arm connceted to the information transmited by the chip, it does whatever you are thinking to do, in this case the developers from this technology try with a 52 years old quadraplegic woman and it works.
2. The stakeholders include disabled body mobility persons, hospitals and health organizations, companies developing smart technologies, producers of small chips that have ample memory, universities wishing to adapt this technology to their courses, other groups of people working in high technologies. IT systmes include robot arm, chips, computers, connections between systems, and extensive research on the web, and broadcast monitors.
3. Social and ethical significance such as motivational aspect for people with disabilities, these technologies give new ways of living and being able to show what they want to express. It´s good for their families too.
4. Business and health: a big surprise to the doctors and as also those working in smart technologies, is a way to motivate them to innovate. 
5. Demonstrate that humans are advancing in technological aspects every day, that they are always looking for a new method to improve their systems. For disable people is excellent, for business related to the topic is a new technology,   and for healthy organizations is a pre-method from taking care from their pacients.
Conclusions:
1. This type of technology is incredible and could be really useful for every type of activities or problems.
2. Give the chance to people with disabilities to do something else, a way to express.
3. Stakeholders, especially new technology developers will probably introduced a  competent product with similar caractheristics.

http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/health/pitt-team-inserts-computer-chip-in-brain-so-a-persons-thoughts-can-instigate-motion-666707/

ARTICLE 1

Article 1: How hackers can switch on your webcam and control your computer

Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/consumer-security/how-hackers-can-switch-on-your-webcam-and-control-your-computer-20130328-2gvwv.html#ixzz2QezbvVV1

1. Description: A 14 years old boy was hacked in a game call Runescape, and he lost all the money he had invested on it, we are talking about 700 dollars. So then he starts to study the case and look for how to do the same things to other people as a signal from rematch. After some time he learn how to hack other people and he introduced in the hackers world with a software called Remote Administration Tool (RAT), this malware software consist in controlling the computer and changing settings on the web cam so he can see what people is doing.  He started to like this activity and he passed many hours per day concentrated on hacking people. He also hacked other runescape accounts and felt the satisfaction from being dominating the other people games. After some time from hacking  he was controlling approximately 1000 computers all around the world, at some time he decided to tell his parents but they don´t care about, they just tell to him to avoid stealing. And finally the only reason for the one he stop doing this activity, was because boredom.
2. Key stakeholders and IT systems:  Alex the hacker, hacked people, police and IT systems include spyware software, malware software RAT, hacked computers, webcams, and microphone on some computers.
3. Social and ethical issues: Security on the web, because too many people have their information, bank accounts, games accounts with credit card number included and every kind of paid websites. Also social networks information, where people need some privacy and if they don’t have it they could be part from criminal actions too.
4. Areas of Social Impact:  Privacy is one of the areas affected because people ´s information can be used for not incorrect things such as abductions.
5. Evaluating the impacts and conclusions: for the people who were hacked is a way to learn and know to be careful what kind of websites are they registering to, for the police is a sign that young people are able to control remote systems and enter restricted sites omitting all kinds of security keys, so they must be cautious and to people who are not involved but have heard of it is an advantage to know the technologies that are capable of organizing hackers and prevent such actions with antivirus.

Conclusions:

1. Malware software manipulated by hackers is affecting a lot of internet users.
2. Young people are the ones that most frequently work in hacking systems.
3. New and better software to counterattack hackers must be implemented or created.